The Ruhr Valley is a significant industrial region in western Germany, known for its rich deposits of coal and iron ore. It played a crucial role in the country's industrialization during the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming a center for heavy industries such as steel production and manufacturing. Major cities in the area include Duisburg, Essen, and Bochum. Today, the Ruhr Valley has transitioned from heavy industry to a more diverse economy, focusing on technology, services, and culture. The region is also recognized for its efforts in environmental sustainability and urban development, making it a model for post-industrial transformation in Europe.