Tax rates refer to the percentage at which income, goods, or services are taxed by the government. These rates can vary based on factors such as income level, type of tax, and jurisdiction. For example, income tax rates often increase with higher earnings, while sales tax is typically a fixed percentage added to the price of goods. Different countries and regions have their own tax systems, leading to varying tax rates. Progressive tax systems impose higher rates on those with greater income, while flat tax systems apply the same rate to everyone. Understanding tax rates is essential for budgeting and financial planning.