A tailstock is a component of a lathe, a machine used for shaping materials like wood or metal. It is positioned opposite the headstock and can be moved along the lathe's bed to accommodate different workpiece lengths. The tailstock supports the free end of the workpiece, ensuring stability during the machining process. In addition to providing support, the tailstock can hold various tools, such as drills or reamers, allowing for additional operations on the workpiece. This versatility makes the tailstock an essential part of the lathe, enhancing its functionality for tasks like drilling holes or tapering ends.