Surveillance radars are systems designed to detect and track objects, such as aircraft, ships, or vehicles, over a wide area. They emit radio waves that bounce off these objects, allowing the radar to determine their distance, speed, and direction. This information is crucial for various applications, including air traffic control, military operations, and border security. These radars can operate in different frequency bands, such as L-band, S-band, or X-band, each offering unique advantages in terms of range and resolution. Modern surveillance radars often incorporate advanced technologies like Doppler processing and phased array antennas to enhance their performance and reliability.