Homonym: surplus (Excess)
A "surplus" refers to an amount that exceeds what is needed or required. For example, if a farmer grows corn and produces more than enough to feed their family, the extra corn is considered a surplus. This surplus can be sold or stored for future use, helping the farmer to earn extra income or prepare for leaner times.
In economics, a surplus can also apply to government budgets. If a government collects more in taxes than it spends, the extra money is a budget surplus. This surplus can be used for various purposes, such as paying off debt, investing in public services, or saving for future needs.