Surge tanks are specialized structures used in hydraulic systems, particularly in water supply and irrigation networks. Their primary function is to absorb sudden changes in water pressure, which can occur due to rapid changes in flow rates, such as when pumps start or stop. By doing this, surge tanks help prevent damage to pipes and equipment caused by pressure surges, known as water hammer. These tanks are typically installed at strategic points in a system, often near pumps or valves. They can vary in size and design, depending on the specific requirements of the system. Surge tanks contribute to the overall efficiency and longevity of hydraulic systems, ensuring smooth operation and reducing maintenance costs.