The supraorbital nerve is a branch of the frontal nerve, which itself is a part of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). It primarily provides sensory innervation to the forehead, scalp, and upper eyelid. This nerve emerges from the skull through the supraorbital foramen and travels along the forehead. In addition to sensory functions, the supraorbital nerve also carries autonomic fibers that help regulate blood flow and sweat production in the forehead area. Damage or irritation to this nerve can lead to conditions such as supraorbital neuralgia, causing pain or discomfort in the forehead region.