Superheavy elements are chemical elements that have an atomic number greater than 104. These elements are not found naturally on Earth and are typically created in laboratories through nuclear reactions. They are characterized by their large atomic masses and unique properties, which can differ significantly from lighter elements. Due to their instability, superheavy elements usually have very short half-lives, meaning they decay quickly into lighter elements. Scientists study these elements to understand the limits of the periodic table and the forces that hold atomic nuclei together. Research on superheavy elements can also provide insights into the behavior of matter under extreme conditions.