sukuk are Islamic financial certificates that represent ownership in a tangible asset, project, or investment. They are often referred to as "Islamic bonds" but differ from conventional bonds because they comply with Shariah law, which prohibits interest (riba). Instead of earning interest, investors receive a share of the profits generated by the underlying asset. The structure of sukuk allows investors to participate in the asset's cash flows while ensuring that the investment is ethical and compliant with Islamic principles. They are used to finance various projects, including infrastructure, real estate, and public services, making them an important tool in the global Islamic finance market.