Stem cell research focuses on studying stem cells, which are unique cells capable of developing into various types of cells in the body. These cells can divide and renew themselves for long periods, making them valuable for understanding human development and disease. Researchers explore how stem cells can be used to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs, potentially leading to treatments for conditions like diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injuries. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, derived from early-stage embryos, and adult stem cells, found in various tissues. Each type has distinct properties and potential applications in medicine. Ongoing research aims to unlock the full potential of stem cells for regenerative therapies and to address ethical concerns surrounding their use.