Statistical tests are mathematical methods used to determine if there is a significant difference between groups or if a relationship exists between variables. They help researchers analyze data and make informed decisions based on evidence. Common types of statistical tests include the t-test, chi-square test, and ANOVA. These tests often involve calculating a p-value, which indicates the probability that the observed results occurred by chance. A low p-value suggests that the results are statistically significant, meaning they are unlikely to have happened randomly. This helps researchers draw conclusions and support their hypotheses.