Static compilation is a process where source code is translated into machine code before it is executed. This means that the entire program is compiled into a standalone executable file, which can run independently on a specific platform without needing the original source code or a compiler at runtime. This method contrasts with dynamic compilation, where code is compiled on-the-fly during execution. Static compilation often results in faster execution times since the program is already in machine code, making it suitable for applications where performance is critical, such as in systems programming or embedded systems.