Species adaptation refers to the process by which a species develops traits that enhance its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. These traits can be physical, like the thick fur of polar bears for insulation in cold climates, or behavioral, such as birds migrating to warmer areas during winter. Adaptations occur over many generations through the mechanism of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits to their offspring. Adaptations can also be influenced by changes in the environment, such as climate shifts or the introduction of new predators. For example, the peppered moth evolved darker coloration during the Industrial Revolution to blend in with soot-covered trees, reducing predation. This ability to adapt is crucial for the long-term survival of species, allowing them to thrive in diverse habitats and respond to ecological challenges.