A sovereign state is a political entity that has full control over its territory and is recognized as independent by other states. It has a defined geographical area, a permanent population, a government, and the ability to enter into relations with other sovereign states. Examples of sovereign states include France, Japan, and Brazil. Sovereign states operate under international law, which grants them rights and responsibilities. They can create laws, conduct foreign policy, and engage in trade. Recognition by other states and international organizations, such as the United Nations, is crucial for a state to be considered fully sovereign.