Sonar systems, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, are technologies that use sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. They work by emitting sound pulses and measuring the time it takes for the echoes to return after bouncing off objects, such as fish or the ocean floor. This information helps in mapping underwater environments and navigating submarines. There are two main types of sonar: active sonar, which sends out sound waves, and passive sonar, which listens for sounds made by other objects. Sonar systems are widely used in various fields, including marine biology, naval operations, and fishing.