Solar thermal collectors are devices that capture sunlight and convert it into heat. They are commonly used to heat water for residential and commercial applications, such as swimming pools, domestic hot water, and space heating. These collectors typically consist of a flat or evacuated tube design that absorbs solar energy and transfers it to a fluid, usually water or antifreeze, which circulates through the system. The efficiency of solar thermal collectors depends on factors like the collector's design, orientation, and local climate. They are an essential component of solar energy systems, contributing to renewable energy solutions and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.