Smart materials are materials that can change their properties in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, light, or pressure. These materials can adapt to their environment, making them useful in various applications, including construction, healthcare, and electronics. For example, shape-memory alloys can return to a predetermined shape when heated, while thermochromic materials change color with temperature variations. The ability of smart materials to respond dynamically enhances their functionality and efficiency. They are often used in products like self-healing coatings, which can repair minor damage, and sensors that detect changes in their surroundings. This adaptability opens up new possibilities in design and technology.