Small G-proteins, also known as small GTPases, are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in cellular signaling. They act as molecular switches, toggling between an active and inactive state by binding to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP). When activated, small G-proteins can influence various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, and movement. These proteins are involved in numerous signaling pathways and are essential for the function of many cellular activities. Key members of the small G-protein family include Ras, Rho, and Rab, each of which has specific roles in regulating cellular functions. Dysregulation of small G-proteins is often linked to diseases, including cancer.