Sirtuins are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes, including aging, metabolism, and stress resistance. They are known for their ability to deacetylate proteins, which means they remove acetyl groups from specific amino acids. This action can influence various biological functions, such as gene expression and DNA repair. These proteins are found in many organisms, from bacteria to humans, and are linked to the effects of caloric restriction on lifespan. Research suggests that sirtuins may help improve health and longevity by promoting cellular repair and reducing inflammation, making them a significant focus in aging studies.