A shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to dampen the impact and vibrations that occur when a vehicle travels over uneven surfaces. It helps maintain vehicle stability and comfort by controlling the movement of the suspension system, allowing for a smoother ride. Shock absorbers work by converting kinetic energy from the suspension's movement into thermal energy, which is then dissipated. This process prevents excessive bouncing and swaying, ensuring better traction and handling. They are commonly found in vehicles, including cars, trucks, and motorcycles, as part of the suspension system.