Seizure disorders, also known as epilepsy, are neurological conditions characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. A seizure occurs when there is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain, leading to various symptoms, such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, or unusual sensations. The causes can vary, including genetic factors, brain injuries, or infections. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history review, neurological exams, and tests like EEG (electroencephalogram) to monitor brain activity. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, or, in some cases, surgery. Managing seizure disorders aims to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures, improving the individual's quality of life.