Secure multi-party computation (SMPC) is a cryptographic technique that allows multiple parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping those inputs private. Each party contributes their data, and the computation is performed in such a way that no party learns anything about the other parties' inputs, except for the final result. This method is useful in various applications, such as privacy-preserving data analysis and secure voting systems, where confidentiality is crucial. By ensuring that sensitive information remains hidden, SMPC enables collaboration and computation without compromising individual privacy.