"Second-order" refers to a concept that involves a level of abstraction beyond the first. In mathematics, for example, second-order equations involve variables raised to the second power, indicating a more complex relationship than first-order equations. This concept can also apply to systems, where second-order effects consider the consequences of first-order changes, leading to a deeper understanding of dynamics. In social sciences, second-order thinking involves analyzing the implications of decisions beyond immediate outcomes. For instance, when evaluating a policy, one might consider not only its direct effects but also how it influences behavior and decisions in the long term. This approach encourages a more comprehensive view of cause and effect.