Second-generation mobile networks, often referred to as 2G, were introduced in the early 1990s and marked a significant advancement in mobile communication. They primarily enabled digital voice transmission, improving call quality and reducing background noise compared to the earlier 1G analog systems. In addition to voice services, 2G networks introduced basic data services, allowing users to send text messages (SMS) and access limited internet features. This generation laid the groundwork for future advancements, leading to the development of 3G and beyond, which offered faster data speeds and more complex services.