A scintillation counter is a device used to detect and measure ionizing radiation. It works by using a special material called a scintillator, which emits flashes of light when radiation interacts with it. These flashes are then converted into electrical signals by a photomultiplier tube, allowing for the quantification of the radiation. Scintillation counters are commonly used in various fields, including nuclear medicine, radiation safety, and environmental monitoring. They are valued for their sensitivity and ability to provide real-time measurements, making them essential tools in research and safety applications involving radioactive materials.