Scientific management is a theory developed in the early 20th century by Frederick Winslow Taylor. It focuses on improving economic efficiency and labor productivity through systematic study and analysis of workflows. The goal is to optimize tasks and reduce waste, ensuring that workers perform their jobs in the most efficient way possible. This approach involves breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable parts and using time-and-motion studies to determine the best methods for completing them. By applying these principles, organizations can enhance productivity, improve worker satisfaction, and ultimately increase profitability.