A scientific breakthrough refers to a significant advancement in knowledge or technology that changes the understanding of a particular field. These breakthroughs often lead to new discoveries, improved methods, or innovative solutions to complex problems. Examples include the development of vaccines, which have transformed public health, and the discovery of DNA, which has revolutionized genetics. Such breakthroughs typically arise from rigorous research and experimentation, often involving collaboration among scientists and researchers. They can have far-reaching implications, influencing various sectors like medicine, environmental science, and engineering. Notable breakthroughs, such as Einstein's theory of relativity, have reshaped our understanding of the universe.