Scholasticism is a medieval philosophical and theological system that sought to reconcile faith and reason. It emerged in the 12th century and was characterized by rigorous dialectical reasoning, often using the works of ancient philosophers like Aristotle as a foundation. Scholars, known as scholastics, aimed to clarify and defend religious doctrines through logical analysis and debate. The movement flourished in European universities, particularly during the 13th and 14th centuries. Key figures, such as Thomas Aquinas, contributed significantly to its development, emphasizing the importance of both faith and rational inquiry. Scholasticism laid the groundwork for modern Western philosophy and education.