In probability and statistics, a sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment. For example, if you flip a coin, the sample space is Heads, Tails. This means that when you perform the experiment, you can only get one of these two results. Understanding the sample space is crucial for calculating probabilities. It helps in determining the likelihood of specific events occurring. For instance, if you roll a six-sided die, the sample space is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Each number represents a possible outcome of the die roll.