sūgaku is the Japanese term for mathematics, a field of study that deals with numbers, shapes, and patterns. It encompasses various branches, including arithmetic, geometry, algebra, and calculus. Mathematics is essential for solving problems and understanding the world around us. In Japan, sūgaku is taught from an early age, emphasizing logical thinking and problem-solving skills. Students learn to apply mathematical concepts in real-life situations, preparing them for advanced studies and careers in fields such as science, engineering, and finance.