Rusting is a chemical process that occurs when iron or its alloys react with oxygen and moisture in the environment. This reaction forms iron oxide, commonly known as rust, which appears as a reddish-brown flaky substance. Rusting can weaken the metal, leading to structural damage over time. The rusting process is accelerated in the presence of saltwater or acidic conditions, which can be found in coastal areas or during rainy weather. To prevent rusting, protective coatings like paint or galvanization (coating with zinc) are often applied to iron surfaces, helping to block moisture and oxygen from reaching the metal.