Refactoring is the process of restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behavior. The main goal is to improve the code's readability, reduce complexity, and enhance maintainability. This can involve simplifying code, removing redundancies, or improving naming conventions, making it easier for developers to understand and work with. By regularly refactoring code, developers can prevent technical debt, which can accumulate over time and lead to more significant issues in software development. Tools and techniques for refactoring can help automate some of these processes, ensuring that the code remains clean and efficient as it evolves.