Homonym: receptor (Sensor)
A receptor is a specialized protein found on the surface of cells that detects and responds to specific signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or other molecules. When a signal binds to a receptor, it triggers a series of cellular responses, allowing the cell to communicate and react to its environment. This process is essential for various bodily functions, including immune response, nervous system signaling, and hormonal regulation.
Receptors can be classified into different types based on their location and function. For example, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in many physiological processes, while ion channel receptors allow ions to flow in and out of cells. Understanding receptors is crucial for developing medications and therapies that target specific pathways in the body.