A random orbital sander is a power tool used for smoothing surfaces, such as wood or metal. It features a round sanding pad that moves in a circular motion while also orbiting, which helps to prevent swirl marks and achieve a smooth finish. These sanders are commonly used in woodworking and furniture refinishing projects. The tool typically uses sandpaper discs that can be easily replaced. Random orbital sanders come in various sizes and power levels, making them suitable for both DIY enthusiasts and professional carpenters. They are valued for their efficiency and versatility in preparing surfaces for painting or staining.