Random number generation is the process of creating a sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted. This can be done using algorithms in computers, known as pseudo-random number generators, which produce numbers that appear random but are actually determined by an initial value called a seed. Alternatively, true random number generation relies on physical processes, such as electronic noise or radioactive decay, to produce numbers. These methods are often used in applications requiring high security, like cryptography, where unpredictability is crucial for protecting sensitive information.