Random error refers to the unpredictable variations that occur in measurements or observations. These errors can arise from various sources, such as environmental changes, instrument limitations, or human factors. Because they are random, they can lead to results that are either higher or lower than the true value, making it difficult to achieve consistent outcomes. Unlike systematic errors, which are consistent and repeatable, random errors can vary from one measurement to another. They are often reduced by taking multiple measurements and averaging the results. This approach helps to minimize the impact of random error on the overall accuracy of the data collected.