Rail networks are systems of interconnected railways that facilitate the movement of trains and goods across various regions. These networks consist of tracks, stations, and supporting infrastructure, allowing for efficient transportation of passengers and freight. Rail networks can vary in size, from local lines serving small communities to extensive systems connecting major cities and countries. The operation of rail networks relies on various components, including locomotives, railcars, and signals. They are often managed by national or regional authorities, ensuring safety and reliability. Rail networks play a crucial role in reducing road congestion and lowering carbon emissions, making them an important part of sustainable transportation.