Punctuation refers to the symbols used in writing to clarify meaning and indicate pauses or stops. Common punctuation marks include the period, comma, question mark, and exclamation point. Each mark serves a specific purpose, helping readers understand the structure and flow of sentences. Proper use of punctuation is essential for effective communication. It can change the meaning of a sentence, as seen in the difference between "Let's eat, Grandma!" and "Let's eat Grandma!" Understanding punctuation rules enhances writing clarity and ensures that the intended message is conveyed accurately.