Pulmonary disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the lungs and respiratory system. Common types include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. These diseases can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing, making it difficult for individuals to breathe normally. The causes of pulmonary disease vary and can include long-term exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke, air pollution, and occupational hazards. Treatment options often involve medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, oxygen therapy or surgery to improve lung function and quality of life.