Proof, or evidence, refers to information or facts that support a claim or belief. It can come in various forms, such as documents, witness testimonies, or physical objects. In scientific research, proof often involves data collected through experiments that validate a hypothesis. In legal contexts, proof is crucial for establishing the truth of a matter in court. The burden of proof lies with the party making a claim, requiring them to present sufficient evidence to convince a judge or jury. This process ensures that decisions are based on reliable information rather than assumptions or opinions.