Programming techniques refer to the various methods and strategies used by developers to write efficient and effective code. These techniques can include object-oriented programming, which organizes code into reusable objects, and functional programming, which focuses on using functions to process data. Each technique has its own advantages and is suited for different types of projects. Another important aspect of programming techniques is algorithm design, which involves creating step-by-step procedures for solving problems. Techniques like recursion and dynamic programming help optimize solutions by breaking down complex tasks into simpler ones. Understanding these techniques is essential for writing high-quality software.