A production function is a mathematical relationship that describes how inputs are transformed into outputs in the production process. It shows the maximum quantity of goods or services that can be produced with a given set of inputs, such as labor, capital, and raw materials. This function helps businesses and economists understand the efficiency of production and make informed decisions about resource allocation. In economics, the production function can be represented in various forms, such as the Cobb-Douglas function, which illustrates how different inputs contribute to output. By analyzing the production function, firms can identify the optimal combination of inputs to maximize their output and profitability, ultimately influencing their overall productivity and competitiveness in the market.