The prisoner's dilemma is a classic scenario in game theory that illustrates how two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interest to do so. In this situation, two suspects are arrested and interrogated separately. Each has the option to either betray the other by confessing or remain silent. The outcomes depend on the choices made by both. If both remain silent, they receive a light sentence. If one betrays while the other stays silent, the betrayer goes free, and the silent one receives a heavy sentence. If both betray each other, they both receive moderate sentences. This dilemma highlights the conflict between individual self-interest and mutual benefit.