A printed circuit board (PCB) is a flat board made of insulating material, typically fiberglass, that supports and connects electronic components. It has conductive pathways etched onto its surface, allowing electricity to flow between different parts of a device. PCBs are essential in most electronic devices, from smartphones to computers, as they provide a compact and organized way to connect various components. The design of a PCB involves creating a schematic diagram that outlines the connections between components. Once designed, the PCB is manufactured by layering copper and insulating materials, followed by etching to form the desired circuit pattern. This process is crucial for the functionality of devices in the electronics industry.