Primary storage, also known as main memory or RAM (Random Access Memory), is the computer's short-term memory. It temporarily holds data and instructions that the CPU (Central Processing Unit) needs while performing tasks. This allows for quick access and processing, making it essential for the smooth operation of applications and the overall system. Unlike secondary storage, such as hard drives or SSDs, primary storage is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off. It is crucial for running programs and managing active processes, ensuring that the computer operates efficiently during use.