Price gouging occurs when sellers increase the prices of goods or services to an unfair level, often during emergencies or crises. This practice typically happens when demand for essential items, like food, water, or medical supplies, surges due to events such as natural disasters or pandemics. Many governments have laws against price gouging to protect consumers from exploitation. These laws aim to ensure that prices remain fair and accessible, especially when people are in urgent need of basic necessities. Violators may face penalties, including fines or legal action, depending on the jurisdiction.