A potentiometer is an electrical component used to measure and control voltage. It consists of a resistive element and a movable contact, or wiper, that slides along the element. By adjusting the position of the wiper, users can change the resistance and, consequently, the voltage output. Potentiometers are commonly found in devices like volume controls in audio equipment. In addition to audio applications, potentiometers are used in various electronic circuits for tasks such as adjusting brightness in LED lights or calibrating sensors. They come in different types, including linear and rotary, catering to specific needs in electronic design.