Postmodernism is a broad cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement that emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction against the principles of modernism. It is characterized by skepticism toward grand narratives and ideologies, embracing instead a more fragmented and pluralistic view of reality. This movement often questions established norms and conventions in art, literature, and architecture, leading to diverse styles and interpretations. In literature, postmodern works frequently employ techniques such as metafiction, pastiche, and intertextuality, blurring the lines between fiction and reality. Notable postmodern authors include Thomas Pynchon and Don DeLillo, whose writings reflect the complexities of contemporary life. In visual arts, figures like Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat exemplify postmodern aesthetics through their innovative approaches to representation and meaning.