The posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA) are vital blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the cerebellum, a part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance. Each PICA branches off from the vertebral arteries and travels along the lower surface of the cerebellum, ensuring that this region receives adequate blood flow. PICA also supplies blood to parts of the medulla oblongata, which is involved in vital functions such as breathing and heart rate. Damage to these arteries can lead to serious conditions, including cerebellar infarcts, which can affect motor control and coordination.