Political institutions are the structures and systems that organize and govern a society. They include entities like governments, parliaments, and judicial systems, which create and enforce laws, manage public resources, and represent the interests of citizens. These institutions help maintain order and provide a framework for political interaction. Additionally, political institutions can vary widely between countries, reflecting different cultures, historical contexts, and values. They play a crucial role in shaping policies and determining how power is distributed among various groups, influencing everything from local governance to international relations.